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Input hardware are those components which are outside of the computers CPU and provide information and instructions to the computer.

Example:

1) A light pen is having the light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on the computers video screen or to select information on the screen by pressing a clip in the light pen or by pressing the light pen against the surface of the screen. The pen contains the light sensors that identifies which portion of the screen it is passed over.

2) A mouse is a pointing device which contains the detection device usually a ball, LED(light emitting diode), or low powered laser on the bottom that enables the user to control the movement of the cursor. To select items or choose commands on the screen user presses a button on the mouse.

3) A joystick is a pointing device composed of a lever that moves in multiple directions to navigate a cursor or other graphical object on the screen.

4) A keyboard is a device that allows the user to type text/commands to the computer. Some keyboard have special function keys or integrated pointing devices such as trackballs or touch sensitive regions that let the cursor movement according to the user's finger's movement.

5) Touch screen displays, which are video displays with a special touch sensitive surface. Examples- ticket kiosks in airport and ATM( automatic teller machine ), Apple iPhone and Nintendo DS video game system.

6) Optical scanner uses light sensing equipment to convert images such as pictures or text into electronic signals that can be manipulated by computer. For example a photograph can be scanned into a computer and can be included in a text document created on that computer. The two most common scanner types are flatbed scanner and handheld scanner. Flatbed scanner is similar to the office photocopier and handheld scanner has to pass manually across the image to be processed.

7) A microphone is a device to convert sound into signals that can be stored, manipulated, and played back by the computer.

8) A voice recognition module is a device that converts spoken words into information that computer can recognize and process.

9) A modem stands for modulator-demodulator is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line or cable television network and allows information transmitted to or received from another computer. A computer that sends or receives information must be connected to a modem. A digital signal sent by one computer is converted by the modem into analog signal, which is then transmitted by the telephone lines or television cables and received by the receiving modem, which converts signal back to the digital signal that the receiving computer can understand.

10) A network interface card (NIC) allows the computer to access the local area network(LAN) either through wire (UTP, STP, Coaxial etc) or wireless (Wi-Fi) connection. The majority of LAN's connect through the ethernet standard.

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